Knowledgator Releases GLiFormer: A 575M-Parameter Encoder That Hits 91.10 F1 on Nested JSON Extraction Without Generating Tokens

Knowledgator Engineering has released GLiFormer, a schema-conditioned encoder framework for information extraction. One model handles named-entity recognition (NER), text classification, relation extraction, nested JSON structuring, and text embeddings. You pass labels and extraction schemas at inference time. Two checkpoints are on Hugging Face. GLiFormer Base v1 has 264.2M parameters, and GLiFormer Large v1 has 575.6M.

Deployable today? Yes. Both checkpoints are Apache 2.0, install with pip install gliformer, and run on CPU or GPU.

The Problem It Targets

Extraction stacks often chain separate models. One tags entities, another classifies documents, and a third rebuilds records. The research team argues these tasks share one core operation. Encode the source, represent the requested concepts, then score their compatibility.

LLMs can emit nested JSON, but they generate field names, punctuation, and values token by token. GLiFormer removes output generation from that path.

How GLiFormer Works

GLiFormer builds on GLiNER and generalizes its label matching through an ‘anchor.’ An anchor is the object each runtime label gets scored against. It can be a group vector for classification, an entity pair for relations, or a record slot.

The source is encoded once. Multiple schemas for the same document then run as task-local groups over that shared encoding. Head compute still grows with the number of groups, labels, and anchors.

For NER, the head scores start, end, and inside evidence for every token and label pair. Independent sigmoid outputs let nested mentions and shared boundaries coexist.

Structuring runs in 4 stages:

1. Ground field values as spans taken directly from the source text.
2. Assign spans to unordered record slots, trained with Hungarian matching.
3. Predict directed parent-child links, restricted to paths the schema allows.
4. Assemble nested JSON with a deterministic decoder.

Values are source spans, so the model cannot invent value text missing from the input. Span selection, record assignment, and hierarchy can still be wrong.

‘;
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‘ ‘ + K(‘name’) + ‘: ‘ + V(‘Acme’,’cn’) + ‘,’,
‘ ‘ + K(‘departments’) + ‘: [‘,
‘ {‘,
‘ ‘ + K(‘name’) + ‘: ‘ + V(‘Engineering’,’dn’) + ‘,’,
‘ ‘ + K(’employees’) + ‘: [‘,
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‘ {‘ + K(‘name’) + ‘: ‘ + V(‘Bob’,’en’) + ‘, ‘ + K(‘role’) + ‘: ‘ + V(‘designer’,’er’) + ‘}’,
‘ ]’,
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‘}’
];
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BackPlayNext

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/* ———- speed race (paper Table 7) ———- */
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{k:’6′, lab:’Depth 6′, i:947, o:778, g:140.3, gp:127.8, c:890.4, cp:941.7, sg:’95.8′, sc:’15.1′},
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/* ———- scores (paper Tables 3 to 6) ———- */
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{lab:’Nested JSON’, note:’Multilevel structuring on 500 examples, order-free and boundary-tolerant JSON F1. This is not exact JSON match. GPT-5.6-luna leads overall, but GLiFormer-large scores higher at depths 4, 5, and 6+ in Table 6 of the paper.’, rows:[
[‘GPT-5.6-luna’, null, 91.96], [‘GLiFormer-large’, 575.6, 91.10, 1], [‘GLiFormer-base’, 264.2, 87.20, 1], [‘GPT-5-mini’, null, 82.56], [‘Qwen3.5 9B’, 9653.1, 78.5]]},
{lab:’Classification’, note:’Mean macro-F1 across 13 datasets (79,828 examples). Larger LLMs still lead this aggregate.’, rows:[
[‘GPT-5-mini’, null, 79.79], [‘Gemma-4-31B-IT’, 31000, 79.69], [‘Gemma4-12B’, 11959.7, 77.8], [‘GPT-OSS-120B’, 117000, 77.76], [‘GLiFormer-large’, 575.6, 75.03, 1], [‘GLiFormer-base’, 264.2, 72.36, 1], [‘GLiClass Multilang ultra’, 1708.2, 71.01], [‘GLiNER2 large v1’, 486.4, 66.19], [‘GLiNER2.5′, 193.6, 64.89]]},
{lab:’CrossNER’, note:’Mean strict entity F1 across the 5 CrossNER domains (2,505 examples). Base slightly edges Large here.’, rows:[
[‘Gemma-4-31B-IT’, 31000, 70.74], [‘GPT-OSS-120B’, 117000, 70.24], [‘GPT-5-mini’, null, 69.97], [‘GLiNER Multitask Large v0.5’, 440.2, 67.97], [‘NuNER Zero-span’, 448.9, 66.82], [‘GLiFormer-base’, 264.2, 65.10, 1], [‘GLiFormer-large’, 575.6, 64.35, 1], [‘GLiNER2 Base’, 208.5, 59.06]]},
{lab:’Relations’, note:’Mean micro-F1 over CoNLL04, DocRED, FewRel, and CrossRE. GLiFormer uses predicted entities; Base and Large ran on different-sized subsets, and Large uses CoNLL04 zero-shot. GLiFormer trails the strongest baselines on this task.’, rows:[
[‘GLiNER-Relex’, null, 25.6], [‘Gemma-4-31B-IT’, 31000, 25.08], [‘GPT-OSS-120B’, 117000, 23.99], [‘GPT-5-mini’, null, 22.1], [‘GLiFormer-large’, 575.6, 21.33, 1], [‘GLiFormer-base’, 264.2, 18.94, 1], [‘GLiNER2’, null, 17.8]]}
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‘;
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/* ———- code snippets (from the v1 model cards) ———- */
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‘import torch’,
‘from gliformer import GLiFormer’,
”,
‘model = GLiFormer.from_pretrained(‘,
‘ “knowledgator/gliformer-large-v1”,’,
‘ load_tokenizer=True,’,
‘)’,
‘model = model.to(“cuda” if torch.cuda.is_available() else “cpu”).eval()’,
”
].join(‘n’);
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{lab:’Install’, note:’Requires Python 3.10 or newer. Optional CUDA attention kernels install from source with pip install -e “.[flash]”. CPU inference uses eager attention.’, code:[
‘pip install gliformer -U’,
”,
‘# or from source’,
‘git clone https://github.com/Knowledgator/GLiFormer.git’,
‘cd GLiFormer’,
‘pip install -e .’].join(‘n’)},
{lab:’Entities’, note:’Each entity returns text, label, start, end, and score. Offsets are character positions with an exclusive end.’, code:LOAD + [
‘entities = model.predict_entities(‘,
‘ “Alice works at Acme in London.”,’,
‘ [“person”, “organization”, “location”],’,
‘ threshold=0.5,’,
‘)’,
‘for entity in entities:’,
‘ print(entity[“text”], entity[“label”], entity[“score”])’].join(‘n’)},
{lab:’Nested JSON’, note:’Pydantic validation checks the output schema, not factual correctness.’, code:LOAD + [
‘from pydantic import BaseModel’,
”,
‘class Employee(BaseModel):’,
‘ name: str’,
‘ role: str’,
”,
‘class Department(BaseModel):’,
‘ name: str’,
‘ employees: list[Employee]’,
”,
‘class Company(BaseModel):’,
‘ name: str’,
‘ departments: list[Department]’,
”,
‘records = model.structure(‘,
‘ “At Acme, Engineering includes Alice, a software engineer, and Bob, “‘,
‘ “a designer. Sales includes Carol, an account manager.”,’,
‘ {“company”: Company},’,
‘ validate_output=True,’,
‘)’,
‘print(records)’].join(‘n’)},
{lab:’Many tasks, 1 call’, note:’inference returns a dictionary keyed by task, with one result per input text.’, code:LOAD + [
‘results = model.inference(‘,
‘ “Alice joined Acme as a software engineer.”,’,
‘ entities=[“person”, “organization”],’,
‘ classes=[“business”, “sports”, “technology”],’,
‘ structures={“employee”: [“name”, “company”]},’,
‘)’,
‘print(results[“ner”][0])’,
‘print(results[“classification”][0])’,
‘print(results[“structuring”][0])’].join(‘n’)},
{lab:’Relations’, note:’The v1 checkpoints have a joint relation head only. predict_relations needs an open relation head, so use joint_relations.’, code:LOAD + [
‘results = model.inference(‘,
‘ “Alice works at Acme.”,’,
‘ joint_relations={‘,
‘ “employment”: {‘,
‘ “entities”: [“person”, “organization”],’,
‘ “relations”: [“works_at”],’,
‘ }’,
‘ },’,
‘ threshold=0.5,’,
‘)’,
‘for relation in results[“joint_relex”][0]:’,
‘ print(relation[“head”][“text”], relation[“relation”], relation[“tail”][“text”])’].join(‘n’)}
];
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